Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Applications in Fuel Cell Systems: A Review of Current Advancements and Perspectives

High-porosity, crystalline, and surface-area-rich metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) may be employed in electrochemical energy applications for active catalysis. MOFs have recently been modified using secondary building blocks, open metal sites with large pore diameters, functional ligands electronic conductivity. They the potential excellent performance fuel cell applications, they several possibilities to enhance fundamental characteristics of mass electron transportation. combined other materials, such as solitary nanoparticles carbon nitrogen composites, increase their catalytic efficacy, especially oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). As a result, this study focuses on MOF derivatives ORR including porous MOF, single MOF-derived oxides, phosphides. An efficient electrocatalyst platform is presented, along its prospects. These initiatives promote promising electrocatalysts enhancing efficiency pique curiosity possible growth subsequent research.